Local conditions may have an impact upon the choice of which technology is selected. For instance, it is of no practical use to install a wind turbine at a site where there is a dense population of trees or the building is located in a valley. Initiatives are underway to lessen the impact of building related carbon emissions. Several methods of achieving the carbon reduction via the decrease of electricity and gas consumption have been highlighted and these are relevant to STREAMER. Other measures such as installation of CHP are included but these are part of a larger scope of works directly related to building improvements.

This deliverable includes information related to energy efficiency improvements and practices presently being applied to hospitals in Europe countries, namely: UK, Italy, Poland, Sweden, Netherlands, and France. For each of the previous countries, a general description of the current practices for energy system solutions is provided and a study of the national hospitals that have made energy efficiency implementation is presented. The hospital projects and the current practices, studied in this document, provide an insight into the carbon-driven reduction targets set for healthcare centres and the options that have been considered along with various methods of procurement.

This deliverable studies the “State-of-the-art of energy-efficient healthcare districts”, and is meant to summarize the outcomes of a desk survey about related National and European initiatives such as networks and projects. The document is structured into eleven sections and an introduction. The first six sections correspond to each one of the National clusters involved in STREAMER project, namely: UK, Italy, Poland, Sweden, Netherlands, and France, in which we survey a list of hospitals that have made energy efficient implementation, and the current practices and technologies used in hospitals for energy efficiency. Section 9 briefly surveys the European, National and Local Legislation Related to Energy Efficiency in Hospitals, whereas Section 10 lists the conferences and research projects in Europe related to energy efficient buildings. Section 11 surveys two international guidelines for energy efficient buildings, namely DIN 1945/87, and ASHRAE. Finally, we conclude our work in Section 12.

As a final conclusion, we can notice that the EU governments and citizens are aware of the importance of energy efficiency in buildings, especially in healthcare districts, and are heavily working on reducing energy consumptions by their policies, practices, and laws to help reduce the environmental impact of new and existing buildings.